[liberationtech] Rep. Markey on telco personal data requests from law enforcement (Katrin Verclas)

Peter Micek peter at accessnow.org
Wed Jul 11 10:19:14 PDT 2012


Access has been working with telecoms for about a year on an industry-specific way to address their human rights impacts. News like the 1.3 million police requests for cell data in the US could be an opening for international, human rights-based discourse here as well. 

We've produced a document to aid telecoms, the Telco Action Plan (https://www.accessnow.org/page/-/docs/Telco_Action_Plan.pdf). It operationalizes the latest laws and norms, including the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, for the telecom sector. It's meant to be a useful guide, ready for adoption and implementation, as it includes Case Studies from Egypt and Pakistan.

We've had some success promoting the Telco Action Plan with a group of telecoms, the Industry Dialogue (see http://www.teliasonera.com/en/newsroom/news/2012/industry-dialouge/) who are slowly moving toward a set of principles and perhaps a home in a multistakeholder environment like GNI, GeSI, etc. Their discussion is unfortunately taking place behind closed doors, though.

If anyone is interested in extending their contacts to other telecoms, we are happy to work with them. We realize there are other efforts, like the IHRB consultation, underway to tailor human rights to the ICT sector, but the conversation with telecoms has not been so robust in the US as of date.

Peter


> 
> 
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Katrin Verclas <katrin at mobileactive.org>
> Date: Mon, Jul 9, 2012 at 8:41 AM
> Subject: Re: [liberationtech] Rep. Markey on telco personal data requests from	law enforcement
> To: Gregory Foster <gfoster at entersection.org>, liberationtech-bounces at lists.stanford.edu, liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Cc: effaustin-discuss at lists.effaustin.org
> 
> 
> Here is the NYT article on it: http://mobile.nytimes.com/article?a=945596&f=19
> 
> Astonishing numbers. We knew the numbers would be bad but not that bad... 1.3 million + with many more affected, most likely, via tower dumps.
> 
> Also, this today on the Mass ACLU site:
> http://www.privacysos.org/node/737
> 
> Class-action lawsuit anyone?
> 
> Katrin
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Gregory Foster <gfoster at entersection.org>
> Sender: liberationtech-bounces at lists.stanford.edu
> Date: Mon, 09 Jul 2012 10:30:23
> To: <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Cc: <effaustin-discuss at lists.effaustin.org>
> Subject: [liberationtech] Rep. Markey on telco personal data requests from
>         law enforcement
> 
> _______________________________________________
> liberationtech mailing list
> liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
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--
Policy Counsel | Access
www.accessnow.org
www.rightscon.org
Skype: peter-r-m
GPG: 22510994

On Jul 11, 2012, at 1:15 PM, liberationtech-request at lists.stanford.edu wrote:

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> Today's Topics:
> 
>   1. CASPA/CIE 2012 Summer Symposium on Tech &	Humanities
>      (Yosem Companys)
>   2. NEW BOOK: Liberation Technology: Social Media and the
>      Struggle for Democracy (A Journal of Democracy Book) (Yosem Companys)
>   3. Rep. Markey on telco personal data requests from	law
>      enforcement (Gregory Foster)
>   4. Re: Rep. Markey on telco personal data requests	from	law
>      enforcement (Katrin Verclas)
>   5. Fwd: <unlike-us> please fwd: Invitation to Join the Unlike Us
>      Research Network on Social Media Research & Alternatives
>      (Moritz Bartl)
>   6. question about Messages Beta- issue happening as of July 8
>      2012 (Sunday night) (K. Voss)
>   7. Call for papers: DEV 2013 (Yosem Companys)
>   8. Fwd: Cambridge Post-Doc on ICTs & Political	Accountability in
>      Africa (Patrick Meier (iRevolution))
>   9. Fwd: Request to EFF - support for chat and	communication
>      (Randolph D.)
>  10. Fwd: Fwd: Request to EFF - support for chat and communication
>      (Eva Galperin)
>  11. Job Posting (Mona Matloob)
>  12. Senior Arabic Translator-Toronto (Mona Matloob)
>  13. Re: A Hippocratic Oath for Techies & Policymakers (Max Senges)
>  14. Blogs and Bullets report out today (Katy P)
>  15. Re: A Hippocratic Oath for Techies & Policymakers (Larry Diamond)
>  16. Access Innovation Prize 2012 (Yosem Companys)
>  17. Innovation Prize for Africa 2013 (Yosem Companys)
>  18. Invitation - Hacking Humanitarian Technology	Before the Bad
>      Guys Do (George Chamales)
> 
> 
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Message: 1
> Date: Sun, 8 Jul 2012 14:44:05 -0700
> From: Yosem Companys <companys at stanford.edu>
> To: Liberation Technologies <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Subject: [liberationtech] CASPA/CIE 2012 Summer Symposium on Tech &
> 	Humanities
> Message-ID:
> 	<CANhci9Hhw_-SrJGcpfd=ULKaWDPanPAvnRVtjBsnB=+pzqYrMA at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252"
> 
> *CASPA/CIE 2012 Summer Symposium*
> TECHNOLOGIES AND HUMANITIES
> *Date:               Saturday, July 14, 2012*
> Time:               12:00pm-5:30pm
> Venue:             *Cadence Auditorium*
>            2655 Seely Avenue, San Jose, CA 95134
> Agenda:           12:00pm ? 1:00pm     Registration & Networking
>                        1:00pm ? 1:15pm       Welcome from CASPA
>            1:15pm ? 5:00pm       Symposium Presentations
> 5:00pm ? 5:30pm       Networking
> Language:        English
> RSVP:                Register online by clicking
> here<https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/viewform?formkey=dGw0WnFBYjU2dmZBOVRZc0U0NGVWU0E6MA>
> 
> Admission:       Free Admission, *Free Parking and Free Refreshment*
> *Host : CASPA  Co-Host : CIE*
> 
>  Technologies and humanities are two important and intertwined aspects in
> the modern society. In the 21st century, the fast advancing science and
> technologies have touched every part of our human life. The new development
> in humanities has created new ways to invent breakthrough technologies and
> products. More and more human-tech blending methodologies have been adopted
> and enhanced product design and even changed the landscaping of the
> business, culture and society. In addition, a well-balanced individual in
> technology and humanity can achieve more in both professional and personal
> life.
>   In this symposium, the technologists, investors and scholars from top
> design houses, leading VC firms and institutions will share their
> experience, thoughts and insights on the inter-dependency between
> technologies and humanities and the significance of living a meaningful and
> rewarding life.* *
> 
> *Part I  MARKET AND APPLICATIONS**  *
> ?         *What?s Going on in the Semiconductor and Clean Tech World*
> *Mr. Andrew Kau, Managing Director, Walden International*
> ?         *Making the World Better by Enabling Innovation*
> *Mr. Stuart Ching, VP, ARM*
> 
> *Part II* *CREATIVITY AND DESIGNS *
> ?         *Create a New Meaning by Using Design Thinking*
> *Mr. Yu Hsiu Yang, Executive Manager, Taipei Design Center, San Francisco*
> ?         *Design Thinking ? Start with People*
> *Ms. Vivian Lien, Senior Director of Marketing, ASUS*
> 
> *Part III**  **LIFE AND PERSPECTIVES*
> ?         *Technology, Humanity and Entrepreneurship*
> *Dr. Milton Chang, Managing Director, Incubic*
> ?         *The Beauty of Life (in Mandarin)*
> *Dr. Zhu Qi, Scholar and Writer*
> -------------- next part --------------
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> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 2
> Date: Sun, 8 Jul 2012 15:22:10 -0700
> From: Yosem Companys <companys at stanford.edu>
> To: Liberation Technologies <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Subject: [liberationtech] NEW BOOK: Liberation Technology: Social
> 	Media and the Struggle for Democracy (A Journal of Democracy Book)
> Message-ID:
> 	<CANhci9HwDYvYmLyqTn4qBSxBWLseLwiTevPLF_zONozMH3sG9w at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252
> 
> Liberation Technology: Social Media and the Struggle for Democracy (A
> Journal of Democracy Book)
> 
> The revolutions sweeping the Middle East provide dramatic evidence of
> the role that technology plays in mobilizing citizen protest and
> upending seemingly invulnerable authoritarian regimes. A grainy cell
> phone video of a Tunisian street vendor?s self-immolation helped spark
> the massive protests that toppled longtime ruler Zine El Abidine Ben
> Ali, and Egypt?s "Facebook revolution" forced the ruling regime out of
> power and into exile.
> 
> While such "liberation technology" has been instrumental in freeing
> Egypt and Tunisia, other cases?such as China and Iran?demonstrate that
> it can be deployed just as effectively by authoritarian regimes
> seeking to control the Internet, stifle protest, and target
> dissenters. This two-sided dynamic has set off an intense
> technological race between "netizens" demanding freedom and
> authoritarians determined to retain their grip on power.
> 
> Liberation Technology brings together cutting-edge scholarship from
> scholars and practitioners at the forefront of this burgeoning field
> of study. An introductory section defines the debate with a
> foundational piece on liberation technology and is then followed by
> essays discussing the popular dichotomy of "liberation" versus
> "control" with regard to the Internet and the sociopolitical
> dimensions of such controls. Additional chapters delve into the cases
> of individual countries: China, Egypt, Iran, and Tunisia.
> 
> This book also includes in-depth analysis of specific technologies
> such as Ushahidi?a platform developed to document human-rights abuses
> in the wake of Kenya?s 2007 elections?and alkasir?a tool that has been
> used widely throughout the Middle East to circumvent cyber-censorship.
> 
> Liberation Technology will prove an essential resource for all
> students seeking to understand the intersection of information and
> communications technology and the global struggle for democracy.
> 
> Contributors: Walid Al-Saqaf, Daniel Calingaert, Ronald Deibert, Larry
> Diamond, Elham Gheytanchi, Philip N. Howard, Muzammil M. Hussain,
> Rebecca MacKinnon, Patrick Meier, Evgeny Morozov, Xiao Qiang, Rafal
> Rohozinski, Mehdi Yahyanejad
> 
> http://www.amazon.com/dp/1421405679/ref=pe_175190_21431760_M2C_SC_dp_1
> 
> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 3
> Date: Mon, 09 Jul 2012 10:30:23 -0500
> From: Gregory Foster <gfoster at entersection.org>
> To: liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Cc: effaustin-discuss at lists.effaustin.org
> Subject: [liberationtech] Rep. Markey on telco personal data requests
> 	from	law enforcement
> Message-ID: <4FFAF90F.1010002 at entersection.org>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
> 
> An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
> URL: <https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/private/liberationtech/attachments/20120709/008b596e/attachment-0001.html>
> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 4
> Date: Mon, 9 Jul 2012 15:41:49 +0000
> From: "Katrin Verclas" <katrin at mobileactive.org>
> To: "Gregory Foster" <gfoster at entersection.org>,
> 	liberationtech-bounces at lists.stanford.edu,
> 	liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Cc: effaustin-discuss at lists.effaustin.org
> Subject: Re: [liberationtech] Rep. Markey on telco personal data
> 	requests	from	law enforcement
> Message-ID:
> 	<298587014-1341848509-cardhu_decombobulator_blackberry.rim.net-1732944314- at b16.c4.bise6.blackberry>
> 	
> Content-Type: text/plain
> 
> Here is the NYT article on it: http://mobile.nytimes.com/article?a=945596&f=19
> 
> Astonishing numbers. We knew the numbers would be bad but not that bad... 1.3 million + with many more affected, most likely, via tower dumps.
> 
> Also, this today on the Mass ACLU site:
> http://www.privacysos.org/node/737
> 
> Class-action lawsuit anyone?
> 
> Katrin
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Gregory Foster <gfoster at entersection.org>
> Sender: liberationtech-bounces at lists.stanford.edu
> Date: Mon, 09 Jul 2012 10:30:23 
> To: <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Cc: <effaustin-discuss at lists.effaustin.org>
> Subject: [liberationtech] Rep. Markey on telco personal data requests from
> 	law enforcement
> 
> _______________________________________________
> liberationtech mailing list
> liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> 
> Should you need to change your subscription options, please go to:
> 
> https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech
> 
> If you would like to receive a daily digest, click "yes" (once you click above) next to "would you like to receive list mail batched in a daily digest?"
> 
> You will need the user name and password you receive from the list moderator in monthly reminders. You may ask for a reminder here: https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech
> 
> Should you need immediate assistance, please contact the list moderator.
> 
> Please don't forget to follow us on http://twitter.com/#!/Liberationtech
> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 5
> Date: Mon, 09 Jul 2012 18:04:43 +0200
> From: Moritz Bartl <moritz at torservers.net>
> To: liberationtech at mailman.stanford.edu
> Subject: [liberationtech] Fwd: <unlike-us> please fwd: Invitation to
> 	Join the Unlike Us Research Network on Social Media Research &
> 	Alternatives
> Message-ID: <4FFB011B.7030002 at torservers.net>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252
> 
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: <unlike-us> please fwd: Invitation to Join the Unlike Us
> Research Network on Social Media Research & Alternatives
> Date: Mon, 9 Jul 2012 15:07:16 +0200
> From: Geert Lovink <geert at xs4all.nl>
> To: unlike-us at listcultures.org
> 
> Unlike Us: Understanding Social Media Monopolies and their Alternatives
> 
> Invitation to join the Unlike Us network (a series of events, a
> reader, workshops, online debates, campaigns etc.)
> 
> The aim of Unlike Us is to establish and maintain a research network
> of artists, designers, scholars, activists and programmers who work on
> 'alternatives in social media'. Through workshops, conferences, online
> dialogues and publications, Unlike Us intends to both analyze the
> economic and cultural aspects of dominant social media platforms and
> to propagate the further development and proliferation of alternative,
> decentralized social media software.
> 
> Unlike Us has two aims:
> 1. To study online social networks and to debate and dissiminate
> critical research into this field.
> 2. To promote and further develop alternatives in social networks.
> 
> If you want to join the Unlike Us network, start your own initiatives
> in this field or hook up what you have already been doing for ages
> please subcribe to the email list. Traffic is modest.
> 
> List
> info:http://listcultures.org/mailman/listinfo/unlike-us_listcultures.org
> Website: http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/unlikeus/
> Videos of the UU#2 Amsterdam event: http://vimeo.com/album/1774005
> 
> Please keep in mind that you can only contribute to this email list if
> you are subscribed and post from the email address you have used to
> subscribe to the list.
> 
> Background
> Whether or not we are in the midst of internet bubble 2.0, we can all
> agree that social media dominate internet and mobile use. The
> emergence of web-based user to user services, driven by an explosion
> of informal dialogues, continuous uploads and user generated content
> have greatly empowered the rise of participatory culture. At the same
> time, monopoly power, commercialization and commodification are also
> on the rise with just a handful of social media platforms dominating
> the social web. These two contradictory processes ? both the
> facilitation of free exchanges and the commercial exploitation of
> social relationships ? seem to lie at the heart of contemporary
> capitalism. On the one hand new media create and expand the social
> spaces through which we interact, play and even politicize ourselves;
> on the other hand they are literally owned by three or four companies
> that have phenomenal power to shape such interaction. Whereas the
> hegemonic Internet ideology promises open, decentralized systems, why
> do we, time and again, find ourselves locked into closed corporate
> environments? Why are individual users so easily charmed by these
> 'walled gardens'? Do we understand the long-term costs that society
> will pay for the ease of use and simple interfaces of their beloved
> 'free' services?
> 
> The accelerated growth and scope of Facebook?s social space, for
> example, is unheard of. Facebook claims to have 700 million users,
> ranks in the top two or three first destination sites on the Web
> worldwide and is valued at 50 billion US dollars. Its users willingly
> deposit a myriad of snippets of their social life and relationships on
> a site that invests in an accelerated play of sharing and exchanging
> information. We all befriend, rank, recommend, create circles, upload
> photos, videos and update our status. A myriad of (mobile)
> applications orchestrate this offer of private moments in a virtual
> public, seamlessly embedding the online world in users? everyday life.
> 
> Yet despite its massive user base, the phenomena of online social
> networking remains fragile. Just think of the fate of the majority of
> social networking sites. Who has ever heard of Friendster? The death
> of Myspace has been looming on the horizon for quite some time. The
> disappearance of Twitter and Facebook ? and Google, for that matter ?
> is only a masterpiece of software away. This means that the
> protocological future is not stationary but allows space for us to
> carve out a variety of techno-political interventions. Unlike Us is
> developed in the spirit of RSS-inventor and uberblogger Dave Winer
> whose recent Blork project is presented as an alternative for
> ?corporate blogging silos?. But instead of repeating the
> entrepreneurial-start-up-transforming-into-corporate-behemoth formula,
> isn't it time to reinvent the internet as a truly independent public
> infrastructure that can effectively defend itself against corporate
> domination and state control?
> 
> Agenda
> Going beyond the culture of complaint about our ignorance and loss of
> privacy, the proposed network of artists, scholars, activists and
> media folks will ask fundamental and overarching questions about how
> to tackle these fast-emerging monopoly powers. Situated within the
> existing oligopoly of ownership and use, this inquiry will include the
> support of software alternatives and related artistic practices and
> the development of a common alternative vision of how the techno-
> social world might be mediated.
> 
> Without falling into the romantic trap of some harmonious offline
> life, Unlike Us asks what sort of network architectures could be
> designed that contribute to ?the common?, understood as a shared
> resource and system of collective production that supports new forms
> of social organizations (such as organized networks) without mining
> for data to sell. What aesthetic tactics could effectively end the
> expropriation of subjective and private dimensions that we experience
> daily in social networks? Why do we ignore networks that refuse the
> (hyper)growth model and instead seek to strengthen forms of free
> cooperation? Turning the tables, let's code and develop other 'network
> cultures' whose protocols are no longer related to the logic of 'weak
> ties'. What type of social relations do we want to foster and discover
> in the 21st century? Imagine dense, diverse networked exchanges
> between billions of people, outside corporate and state control.
> Imagine discourses returning subjectivities to their 'natural' status
> as open nodes based on dialogue and an ethics of free exchange.
> 
> To a large degree social media research is still dominated by
> quantitative and social scientific endeavors. So far the focus has
> been on moral panics, privacy and security, identity theft, self-
> representation from Goffman to Foucault and graph-based network theory
> that focuses on influencers and (news) hubs. What is curiously missing
> from the discourse is a rigorous discussion of the political economy
> of these social media monopolies. There is also a substantial research
> gap in understanding the power relations between the social and the
> technical in what are essentially software systems and platforms. With
> this initiative, we want to shift focus away from the obsession with
> youth and usage to the economic, political, artistic and technical
> aspects of these online platforms. What we first need to acknowledge
> is social media's double nature. Dismissing social media as neutral
> platforms with no power is as implausible as considering social media
> the bad boys of capitalism. The beauty and depth of social media is
> that they call for a new understanding of classic dichotomies such as
> commercial/political, private/public, users/producers, artistic/
> standardised, original/copy, democratising/ disempowering. Instead of
> taking these dichotomies as a point of departure, we want to
> scrutinise the social networking logic. Even if Twitter and Facebook
> implode overnight, the social networking logic of befriending, liking
> and ranking will further spread across all aspects of life.
> 
> The proposed research agenda is at once a philosophical,
> epistemological and theoretical investigation of knowledge artifacts,
> cultural production and social relations and an empirical
> investigation of the specific phenomenon of monopoly social media.
> Methodologically we will use the lessons learned from theoretical
> research activities to inform practice-oriented research, and vice-
> versa. Unlike Us is a common initiative of the Institute of Network
> Cultures (Amsterdam University of Applied Science HvA) and the Cyprus
> University of Technology in Lemasol.
> 
> An online network and a reader connected to a series of events
> initially in Amsterdam and Cyprus (early 2012) are already in
> planning. We would explicitly like to invite other partners to come on
> board who identify with the spirit of this proposal, to organize
> related conferences, festivals, workshops, temporary media labs and
> barcamps (where coders come together) with us. The reader (tentatively
> planned as number 8 in the Reader series published by the INC) will be
> produced mid-late 2012. The call for contributions to the network, the
> reader and the event series goes out in July 2011, followed by the
> publicity for the first events and other initiatives by possible new
> partners.
> 
> Topics of Investigation
> The events, online platform, reader and other outlets may include the
> following topics inviting theoretical, empirical, practical and art-
> based contributions, though not every event or publication might deal
> with all issues. We anticipate the need for specialized workshops and
> barcamps.
> 
> 1. Political Economy: Social Media Monopolies
> 2. The Private in the Public
> 3. Visiting the Belly of the Beast
> 4. Artistic Responses to Social Media
> 5. Designing culture: representation and software
> 6. Software Matters: Sociotechnical and Algorithmic Cultures
> 7. Genealogies of Social Networking Sites
> 8. Is Research Doomed?
> 9. Researching Unstable Ontologies
> 10. Making Sense of Data: Visualization and Critique
> 11. Pitfalls of Building Social Media Alternatives
> 12. Showcasing Alternatives in Social Media
> 13. Social Media Activism and the Critique of Liberation Technology
> 14. Social Media in the Middle East and Beyond
> 15. Data storage: social media and legal cultures
> 
> Contact details:
> 
> Geert Lovink (geert at xs4all.nl)
> Korinna Patelis (korinna.patelis at cut.ac.cy / kpatelis at yahoo.com)
> _______________________________________________
> unlike-us mailing list
> unlike-us at listcultures.org
> http://listcultures.org/mailman/listinfo/unlike-us_listcultures.org
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 6
> Date: Mon, 9 Jul 2012 13:32:42 -0400
> From: "K. Voss" <clownfish.kov at gmail.com>
> To: liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Subject: [liberationtech] question about Messages Beta- issue
> 	happening as of July 8 2012 (Sunday night)
> Message-ID:
> 	<CAKVz8fPQA7MU=LNrb6O5BKnbv6EqWzubhz48kajTs=FoE0pGuA at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> 
> Since last night here's what's been happening (to me, my husband,
> sister-in-law, mother, and a Facebook friend in Australia):
> 
> You send a message, either from your iPhone or another Mac device, and it
> gives you a red exclamation point saying "not delivered." But the message
> is, in fact, delivered to the person you're sending it to. So the person is
> getting your messages but you think he's not. Likewise, the person thinks
> you aren't getting his messages, but you are. Oh, and it's no longer
> syncing between devices either.
> 
> Does anyone know what might be going on? Keep in mind this is not just me.
> And yes, I have rebooted and closed and reopened the program.
> -------------- next part --------------
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> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 7
> Date: Mon, 9 Jul 2012 18:41:26 -0700
> From: Yosem Companys <companys at stanford.edu>
> To: Liberation Technologies <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Cc: Aaditeshwar Seth <aseth at cse.iitd.ernet.in>
> Subject: [liberationtech] Call for papers: DEV 2013
> Message-ID:
> 	<CANhci9HuXbjM+zXq5Q4b4GOzU9TvFf1Mj7qB9c6f_6bBiJ3cDg at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> 
> From: Aaditeshwar Seth <aseth at cse.iitd.ernet.in>
> 
> ACM DEV 2013
> 3rd Symposium on Computing for Development
> Co-located with COMSNETS
> January 11-12, 2013
> Bangalore, India
> http://dev2013.org/
> 
> Important Dates:
> 
> Submissions due: September 7, 2012 (11:59pm UTC) - firm deadline
> Author notification: October 26, 2012
> Camera-ready: December 7, 2012
> Conference: January 11-12, 2013
> 
> DEV 2013 provides an international forum for research in the design and
> implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for
> social and economic development. In particular, we focus on emerging
> contexts where conventional computing solutions are often inappropriate
> due to various contextual factors - including, but not limited to, cost,
> language, literacy, and the availability of power and bandwidth.
> 
> Papers should describe original and previously unpublished research.
> Three metrics will be applied to judge papers: (a) Relevance of the
> problem for development; (b) Novelty of the technical solution; (c)
> Evaluation of the solution, making a case for development-focused
> impact. All DEV paper submissions should either provide or directly
> motivate a novel technical solution that has direct implications for
> development. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
> 
> Networks/Systems/Security/Architecture
>     Low-cost wireless connectivity
>     Intermittent networks and systems
>     Power-efficient systems
>     Low-cost computing devices
>     Mobile systems and applications
>     Mixed networks, e.g., telephony and IP
>     Special-purpose sensor systems
>     Security challenges in developing regions
> 
> HCI/Applications
>     User interfaces for low-literacy populations
>     Multi-lingual computing
>     User-interfaces for low-cost devices
>     Participatory methods and user-centered design
>     Accessibility to disabled populations in developing regions
>     Design and evaluation of applications for health, microfinance,
> education, agriculture, entertainment
> 
> AI/NLP/Data Mining/Speech/Vision
>     Machine learning techniques for large-scale data analysis in
> development contexts
>     Adapting content and applications to local languages and education
> levels
>     Understanding social relationships and information flows in
> disadvantaged societies
>     Speech interfaces and speech recognition for low-resource languages
>     Development of new AI-centric tools/solutions for development
>     Computer vision challenges in development
> 
> We also welcome papers outside of these topics that address the DEV
> focus on computing innovations supporting social and economic development.
> 
> Conference co-chairs:
> Bill Thies, Microsoft Research India <thies at microsoft.com>
> Amit Nanavati, IBM India Research Labs <namit at in.ibm.com>
> 
> PC co-chairs:
> Richard Anderson, University of Washington <anderson at cs.washington.edu>
> Aaditeshwar Seth, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
> <aseth at cse.iitd.ernet.in>
> 
> Program committee (confirmed so far):
> Aaditeshwar Seth, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
> Amarjeet Singh, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi
> Amit Nanavati, IBM India Research Labs
> Andrew Dearden, Sheffield Hallam University
> Anirudh Joshi, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
> Bhaskaran Raman, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
> Bill Thies, Microsoft Research India
> Brian DeRenzi, University of Washington
> Elizabeth Belding, UC Santa Barbara
> Emma Brunskill, Carnegie Mellon University
> Etienne Barnard, University of Pretoria
> Gaetano Borriello, University of Washington
> James Davis, UC Santa Cruz
> Jana Iyengar, Franklin and Marshall College
> Jay Chen, New York University
> John Bennett, University of Colorado Boulder
> John Quinn, Makerere University
> Kentaro Toyama, UC Berkeley
> Lakshmi Subramanian, New York University
> Neal Lesh, Dimagi
> Neil Patel, Awaaz De
> Niloy Ganguli, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
> Richard Anderson, University of Washington
> Roni Rosenfeld, Carnegie Mellon University
> Saurabh Panjwani, Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs India
> Sharad Jaiswal, Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs India
> Srinivasan Keshav, University of Waterloo
> Tapan Parikh, UC Berkeley
> Vanessa Frias Martinez, Telefonica Research
> _______________________________________________
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> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 8
> Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 08:35:07 -0400
> From: "Patrick Meier (iRevolution)" <patrick at irevolution.net>
> To: liberationtech <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Subject: [liberationtech] Fwd: Cambridge Post-Doc on ICTs & Political
> 	Accountability in Africa
> Message-ID:
> 	<CADDQKhjf_bbQjgH0Wbe+swV2htiH9h=UD78gO1V6=rvtNytfaA at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252"
> 
> FYI
> 
> 
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Cambridge CGHR <ss919 at cam.ac.uk>
> Date: Sat, Jul 7, 2012 at 10:57 AM
> Subject: Cambridge CGHR Post-Doctoral Research Associate Vacancy
> 
> 
>   E-mail displayed incorrectly? Read it in your
> browser<http://e.groupspaces.com/click/29fi0-44b9d-20vezyahv1?u=http%3A%2F%2Fgroupspaces.com%2Fcghr%2Fe%2F262000%3Fs%3D67a57cd4%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dgroup-mail%26utm_term%3Dgroup-mail-6829>
> 
> <http://e.groupspaces.com/click/29fi0-44b9d-20vezyahv1?u=http%3A%2F%2Fgroupspaces.com%2Fcghr%2F%3Futm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dgroup-mail%26utm_term%3Dgroup-mail-6829>
> University
> of Cambridge, Centre of Governance & Human
> Rights<http://e.groupspaces.com/click/29fi0-44b9d-20vezyahv1?u=http%3A%2F%2Fgroupspaces.com%2Fcghr%2F%3Futm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dgroup-mail%26utm_term%3Dgroup-mail-6829>
> 
> Dear colleagues,
> 
> Cambridge CGHR has recently advertised for an 18-month Post-Doctoral
> Research Associate on our new ESRC DFID funded project: ?Broadcast media,
> ICT-generated public opinion and political accountability in
> Africa?. Details below, on the Department of Politics and International
> Studies wesbite<http://e.groupspaces.com/click/29fi0-44b9d-20vezyahv1?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polis.cam.ac.uk%2Fdept%2Fjobs.html>,
> and in the Further Particulars
> attached<http://e.groupspaces.com/click/29fi0-44b9d-20vezyahv1?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.groupspaces.com%2Fcghr%2Ffiles%2F440798%2F_lkKjSnXH8qlQ5JeGp7H%2FZZ18171%2BCGHR%2BPDRA%2BFurther%2BParticulars.pdf%3Futm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dgroup-mail%26utm_term%3Dgroup-mail-6829>
> .
> 
> Applications close *25 July 2012*.
> 
> This is an exciting oppotunity to lead research in Kenya and Zambia within
> a team comprising CGHR researchers and academics at the Universities of
> Nairobi and Zambia. Please help us in spreading the word.
> 
> Best wishes,
> 
> Sharath
> 
> _______________
> 
> The Cambridge Centre of Governance and Human Rights (CGHR) seeks to appoint
> a post-doctoral Research Associate for 18 months on its new ESRC-DFID
> funded research project ?Broadcast media, ICT-generated public opinion and
> political accountability in Africa?.
> 
> The CGHR Director, Dr Sharath Srinivasan, is Principal Investigator and
> leads a research team with Professor Winnie Mitullah (University of
> Nairobi) and Dr Neo Simutanyi (University of Zambia) as Co-Investigators.
> Focused on comparative country case studies in Kenya and Zambia, the
> project aims at analysing the effects of new information and communication
> technologies (ICT) on ?public opinion? making in African democratic
> practice: expressions of public opinion; their effects on citizenship
> practice and political belonging; the collection and representation of
> public opinion by media; and the reception of public opinion by policy
> makers.
> 
> The Research Associate will: Manage day-to-day project coordination; Own
> the project workplan and timeline; Conduct extensive fieldwork (primarily
> in Kenya); Coordinate project workshops; Manage data collection and
> analysis (building research assistants capacity); Execute a data management
> plan and archiving; Maintain project partner relationships.
> 
> Applicants should have: a doctorate in a relevant subject area within the
> social sciences; clear understanding of issues of public participation in
> local/national governance in developing countries; Demonstrated research
> background utilising a relevant research framework or methodology; Proven
> abilities in quantitative social science data analysis; Evidence of an
> understanding of key issues concerning the role of new communication
> technologies and media in governance; Strong evidence of interest in
> countries or regions in Africa, possibly including one or both of the case
> study countries; Evidence of interest in opinion polling methodologies;
> Strong collaborative skills for working with academic and non-academic
> research partners in multiple locations and with differing capabilities;
> Ability to develop good working relations with major donors, international
> organisations, government agencies and individuals in the field; Proven
> ability to present and communicate research findings; Evidence of ability
> to engage in high-level research in a relevant field, with the proven
> capacity to develop high-quality research outputs; Evidence of experience
> managing research projects; Publications record in one of the
> above-mentioned specialist areas.
> 
> To apply, and for Further particulars please click
> here<http://e.groupspaces.com/click/29fi0-44b9d-20vezyahv1?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polis.cam.ac.uk%2Fdept%2Fjobs.html>
> .
> 
> Informal enquiries concerning the application procedure may be directed to
> Ms Natalie Wood (nw319 at cam.ac.uk). Informal enquiries regarding the
> research project should be made to the Director of the Centre of Governance
> and Human Rights, Dr Sharath Srinivasan (ss919 at cam.ac.uk).
> 
> Centre of Governance and Human Rights, POLIS, University of Cambridge
> Alison Richard Building 7 West Rd Cambridge CB3 9DT United Kingdom
> Tel +44 (0)1223 760846 | Fax +44 (0)1223 767237 | www . polis . cam . ac .
> uk/cghr<http://e.groupspaces.com/click/29fi0-44b9d-20vezyahv1?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polis.cam.ac.uk%2Fcghr>
> 
>    You are subscribed as patrick at irevolution.net
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> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 9
> Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 18:18:16 +0200
> From: "Randolph D." <rdohm321 at gmail.com>
> To: liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Subject: [liberationtech] Fwd: Request to EFF - support for chat and
> 	communication
> Message-ID:
> 	<CAEvNM8kK_XdKXr-htbCNYu3hfFtE_z4U=dLTCG-Ch0=cY1TMkw at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
> 
> Dear all,
> please find attached a request to evaluate the secure communication tool to
> be ready to be officially suggested by EFF and Security Advisors.
> Thanks for feedback, regards Randolph
> 
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Eva Galperin <eva at eff.org>
> Date: 2012/7/10
> Subject: Re: Request to EFF - support for chat and communication
> 
> Thank you for writing to EFF. I'm glad that there are people who are
> working on secure communications tools--in fact, I am at a security tool
> hackathon in New York right now. However, EFF cannot recommend any tool
> that has not had a thorough security audit and we do not have the
> resources to perform such an audit ourselves. If you are working on an
> open source security communications tool that you would like EFF to
> recommend, I suggest that you subject it to an extensive audit by
> security professionals.
> 
> 
> ************************************************
> Eva Galperin
> International Freedom of Expression Coordinator
> Electronic Frontier Foundation
> eva at eff.org
> (415) 436-9333 ex. 111
> ************************************************
> 
> On 7/9/12 2:50 PM, Randolph D. wrote:
>> Dear EFF Member,
>> 
>> I have a request to you (I found your email on the website of the EFF,
>> describing what you do): we need free speech in Syria and Russia and many
>> other countries, encrypted communication is helping to have people
> speaking
>> and networking.
>> Furthermore we need an open source alternative to facebook.
>> There is one:  http://interface.sf.net - which is encrypted serverless
>> (oder DHT) communication: Email, Forums, Groupchat, Picup of friends of
>> friends, it is based on GnuPG keys (as the messenger ID and contact
> detail)
>> and all is done serverless and encrypted.
>> That means, friends of friends can forward messages and so information is
>> transparent.
>> 
>> but it is hard to get that tool into the public, Can you help? Ideally it
>> could be any Qt Plugin in e.g. VLC or Qbittorrent or any Qt App, which has
>> great downloads. But it would even help, if you can announce it to some
>> students, who what to evaluate it, post it on your freedom blog, or would
>> it be possible, that EFF is supporting that tool officially?
>> I read your description and I picked 4-5 members from the EFF, which seem
>> to be near this idea (so don?t wounder about the BCC, it should be a
>> personal mail/sugestion to you). Can you help and share ideas?
>> 
>> Thanks for any feedback and suggestions, or, if you want to test, we can
>> exchange keys as well and chat over it.
>> 
>> Thanks Regards
>> Randolph
>> 
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> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 10
> Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 10:10:00 -0700
> From: Eva Galperin <eva at eff.org>
> To: liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Subject: [liberationtech] Fwd: Fwd: Request to EFF - support for chat
> 	and communication
> Message-ID: <4FFC61E8.8030603 at eff.org>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
> 
> Since Randolph has chosen to forward my reply to his request to this
> entire mailing list, here is the full text of my reply. Please note that
> a thorough security audit is necessary, but not sufficient for EFF to
> recommend a security or privacy tool and I express some doubts about
> whether or not his tool would actually be useful to Syrians at this time:
> 
> 
> Randolph,
> 
> Thank you for writing to EFF. I'm glad that there are people who are
> working on secure communications tools--in fact, I am at a security tool
> hackathon in New York right now. However, EFF cannot recommend any tool
> that has not had a thorough security audit and we do not have the
> resources to perform such an audit ourselves. If you are working on an
> open source security communications tool that you would like EFF to
> recommend, I suggest that you subject it to an extensive audit by
> security professionals. Perhaps some of the people on the Liberation
> Tech mailing list might be interested.
> 
> Furthermore, lack of encrypted communications over Facebook is not
> really the problem that Syrians are facing right now. Facebook has an
> option that allows you to use HTTPS by default. You can also enable
> HTTPS by default by using HTTPS Everywhere on your browser. HTTPS usage
> on Facebook in Syria is reportedly very high, an observation which is
> supported by the fact that the Syrian government attempted to
> man-in-the-middle Facebook's SSL cert in Syria last year. If the Syrian
> government had been able to see most Facebook traffic over the network
> in plaintext, no MITM would have been necessary.
> 
> Malware is being sent via Facebook chat and in comments in popular
> Facebook groups, but that is not a problem that an encrypted or
> decentralized version of Facebook would solve. These Facebook accounts
> are usually compromised using malware that installs a remote access tool
> which takes screenshots and logs keystrokes.
> 
> 
> ************************************************
> Eva Galperin
> International Freedom of Expression Coordinator
> Electronic Frontier Foundation
> eva at eff.org
> (415) 436-9333 ex. 111
> ************************************************
> 
> -- 
> 
> ************************************************
> Eva Galperin
> International Freedom of Expression Coordinator
> Electronic Frontier Foundation
> eva at eff.org
> (415) 436-9333 ex. 111
> ************************************************
> 
> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 11
> Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 17:03:04 -0400
> From: Mona Matloob <mona at asl19.org>
> To: liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Subject: [liberationtech] Job Posting
> Message-ID:
> 	<CA+5tZeN7oQwRaWEV08Yj6hry7tKKnujfyg9c2JZ2vqYSs3-o_g at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> 
> Hi there,
> I would like you to distribute the attached job description amongst your
> mailing list.
> Many thanks,
> 
> -- 
> Mona Matloub
> *Project Manager-Syria Desk*
> mona at ASL19.org
> ASL19
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> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 12
> Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 17:13:06 -0400
> From: Mona Matloob <mona at asl19.org>
> To: liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Subject: [liberationtech] Senior Arabic Translator-Toronto
> Message-ID:
> 	<CA+5tZeNORuxWnL5Uci532DQCgUwpsPYK=+CjX2oFEBxKC2-JjQ at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252"
> 
> *ASL19 is growing and we?re looking for resourceful, creative, and kind
> people to join our team in Toronto.*
> 
> * *
> 
> We are exploring some exciting new ideas and starting amazing initiatives
> in addition to our existing projects. Therefore, we have the opportunity to
> invite fresh minds to our team of cyberspace researchers, software
> developers, and human rights advocates.
> 
> 
> 
> ASL19 is an interdisciplinary lab, where we monitor forces that control the
> Internet and come up with solutions to keep this realm open and safe for
> people in different places.
> 
> 
> We?re hiring for ?
> 
> 
> 
> *Senior Arabic Translator-Syria Desk *
> 
> Our latest project involves employing open source methods and techniques to
> gather allegations of human rights abuses in Syria. It also aims to provide
> activists with knowledge of how to communicate more securely with each
> other online. As such, you will be part of a team of individuals that
> includes cyber analysts, subject matter experts, native Arabic speakers and
> human rights activists working together to protect freedom of expression in
> Syria.
> 
> 
> As a Senior Translator for ASL19?s Syria desk in Toronto, Canada you are
> responsible to manage the translation of English and Arabic materials. You
> will be working together with the research team assisting and managing the
> translation responsibilities.
> 
> 
> 
> The selected candidate must have 1-3 years experience in English-Arabic
> translation. Fluency in Arabic is an essential asset for this position. The
> candidate must have experience and expertise in projects related to the
> Middle-East and/or global affairs. Knowledge and work experience on Syria
> is an asset. The candidate must be an excellent communicator and must
> demonstrate integrity in dealing with sensitive and confidential matters.
> This is a contract-based position and the candidate must be able to commit
> to minimum 3 months.
> 
> 
> 
> Interested candidates should kindly send their CV to
> mona at ASL19.orgimmediately and be ready to begin by July 16, 2012!
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> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 13
> Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 23:14:05 +0200
> From: Max Senges <maxsenges at gmail.com>
> To: Larry Diamond <ldiamond at stanford.edu>,	Howard Rheingold
> 	<howard at rheingold.com>, 	irp
> 	<Irp at lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org>
> Cc: liberationtech <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Subject: Re: [liberationtech] A Hippocratic Oath for Techies &
> 	Policymakers
> Message-ID:
> 	<CAJ65X1Rxt2_PLMVzWjoFGkB7NY9=RR4iTCbyZek8VRAUWnmezw at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252"
> 
> + Howard Rheingold (who actually had the very same comment on the preamble)
> + Internet Rights and Principles list - where the discussion, peer-review &
> collabowriting of the oath lives
> 
> Thanks Terry & Larry,
> 
> the gendered problematic slipped my attention as non-native-speaker. I have
> uploaded a new version, which has an updated
> Preamble<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dA0KLFeVqXhKqtMgHgJZnmCtmQQpSrJCZ1rzbcHRlE0/edit>,
> which takes some wording from Terry and some from Marianne Franklin, who
> also commented on the gender bias.
> 
> The gDoc can be commented publicly, which should allow for more detailed
> refinement. The IRP coalition has offered to publish it on their website
> after collaborative editing, so people can actually take the oath.
> 
> @Terry: Regarding your second point: "The other concern is the line "I
> shall refrain from disagreeing publicly". I agree with the sense that
> direct conversation with the relevant party should be tried first, but
> there are cases (e.g., whistleblowing) where public disagreement is the
> only route to change."
> 
> I am not sure this line needs editing. My thinking was that your point of
> whistleblowing (in sever cases) is addressed in the next line: Should I
> witness any error or misdeed (i.e. human rights violation) I shall first
> address and remedy it with the responsible individual or within the
> responsible organisation. However should it prove impossible to resolve a
> serious matter directly, I shall bring the case to prosecution.
> 
> What do you think?
> 
> Kind regards,
> Max
> 
> 
> 
> --
> 
> "*Chaos reigns*"
> the *fox,* Lars von Trier's *Antichrist*
> 
> ...........................................................................
> 
> Max Senges
> Berlin
> 
> www.maxsenges.com
> 
> Mobile: +491622122755
> 
> 
> 
> On Sat, Jul 7, 2012 at 9:05 PM, Larry Diamond <ldiamond at stanford.edu> wrote:
> 
>> I agree with both of Terry's comments.  Otherwise, well done.
>> best,
>> Larry
>> 
>> ------------------------------
>> *From: *"Terry Winograd" <winograd at cs.stanford.edu>
>> *To: *"Rebecca MacKinnon" <rebecca.mackinnon at gmail.com>
>> *Cc: *"liberationtech" <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>,
>> maxsenges at gmail.com
>> *Sent: *Saturday, July 7, 2012 12:00:59 PM
>> *Subject: *Re: [liberationtech] A Hippocratic Oath for Techies &
>> Policymakers
>> 
>> 
>> Max, thank you for doing this, and I'm pleased to see that material from
>> CPSR is still relevant and valuable to your thinking.
>> 
>> I like the basic thrust and had a couple of comments.  The first is that
>> although the preamble may have gone without objection for Rickover in 1965,
>> you will avoid a lot of distraction if you reword it in accord with the
>> emerging sensibilities of the last half-century. We could have a scholarly
>> debate about the history of gendered language, but I don't think that's
>> what you are trying to provoke. How about:
>> 
>> ---
>> I recognize technology as a product of human effort, a product serving no
>> other purpose than to benefit people in general, not merely some people;
>> humans in the totality of their humanity, encompassing all their manifold
>> interests and needs, not merely some one particular concern. Humanistically
>> viewed, technology is not an end in itself but a means to an end, the end
>> being determined by people. I hence promote a humanistic conception of
>> technology in which the desire to obtain maximum benefits for those
>> creating it is subordinated to the obligation not to injure human beings or
>> society at large.
>> ---
>> 
>> The other concern is the line "I shall refrain from disagreeing
>> publicly". I agree with the sense that direct conversation with the
>> relevant party should be tried first, but there are cases (e.g.,
>> whistleblowing) where public disagreement is the only route to change.
>> 
>> Thanks again for doing this and best wishes.
>> --t
>> 
>> 
>> On Fri, Jul 6, 2012 at 10:19 AM, Rebecca MacKinnon <
>> rebecca.mackinnon at gmail.com> wrote:
>> 
>>> 
>>> By Max Senges who works for Google in Berlin, with a background in
>>> academia and civil society.
>>> Cheers,
>>> Rebecca
>>> 
>>> http://maxsenges.com/?p=402
>>> A hippocratic Oath for Techies & Policymakers
>>> Posted on 2012/07/03 <http://maxsenges.com/?p=402> by maxsenges<http://maxsenges.com/?author=3>
>>> *Acknowledegements & Context*
>>> 
>>> When Rick Whitt and I were working on a paper on a framework for internet
>>> policy that brings together complexity theory, endogenous economics and
>>> common pool resource governance, I pondered once again about a proposal to
>>> write and promote a hippocratic oath for internet techies and policy makers
>>> in order to have them (including me) pledge to ?do no harm? to the potent
>>> but also fragile internet ecosystem.
>>> 
>>> Below you find a code of conduct to which I feel I can subscribe. However
>>> it is not and will never be final. Rather I plan to develop, add and
>>> sharpen the code further. Please send comments and suggestions as to what
>>> should be included and/or where it should be more precise.
>>> **
>>> Preamble
>>> 
>>> I recognize technology as a product of human effort, a product serving no
>>> other purpose than to benefit man in general, not merely some men; man in
>>> the totality of his humanity, encompassing all his manifold interests and
>>> needs, not merely some one particular concem of his. Humanistically viewed,
>>> technology is not an end in itself but a means to an end, the end being
>>> determined by man. I hence promote a humanistic conception of technology in
>>> which the desire to obtain maximum benefits is subordinated to the
>>> obligation not to injure human beings or society at large.
>>> 
>>> Therefore the following principles shall marshal my mindset, decision
>>> making and practices:
>>> **
>>> Code of Conduct
>>> 
>>> **
>>> *1) Do no harm:*
>>> 
>>>   - I hold a humanistic conception of the internet and therefore will
>>>   not simply compare costs and benefits of any particular code or practice,
>>>   but follow a rights based approach as formulated in the 10 Internet
>>>   Rights & Principles <http://irpcharter.org/campaign/>.
>>>   - When assessing code, practices and policy proposals I will seek to
>>>   understand the technological, economic, socio-cultural and ethical
>>>   dimensions and interdependencies of the online ecosystem, always aiming not
>>>   to hamper user-centered development and innovation but to further creative
>>>   destruction and open competition.
>>> 
>>> *2) Participate in deliberation: *
>>> 
>>>   - Acknowledging that internet governance must be an open
>>>   multi-stakeholder process, I will participate in both internal
>>>   organisational discourse as well as in public deliberation with the aim to
>>>   collaboratively generate knowledge and to contribute to sound decision
>>>   making.
>>>   - I will take critics seriously. Governance is about constructive
>>>   dialogue rather than representation.
>>> 
>>> *3) Act responsibly  *
>>> 
>>>   - I will contribute to the internet governance discourse to the best
>>>   of my knowledge. Should an obligation to an institution contradict my
>>>   perspective I shall refrain from disagreeing publicly but will take the
>>>   responsibility to argue my case internally.
>>>   - Should I witness any error or misdeed (i.e. human rights violation)
>>>   I shall first address and remedy it with the responsible individual or
>>>   within the responsible organisation. However should it prove impossible to
>>>   resolve a serious matter directly, I shall bring the case to prosecution.
>>> 
>>> *4) Promote openness & contribute to the commons*
>>> 
>>>   - Whenever possible I will contribute to the commons and the public
>>>   domain. Subsequently I will always practice a strong bias towards open
>>>   innovation and open standards.
>>>   - I will always acknowledge from whom or from what text I have
>>>   learned about a certain idea or concept and if appropriate include direct
>>>   links (or other relevant bibliographic references)
>>>   - I will be transparent about my social networks and motivation to
>>>   choose collaboration partners.
>>> 
>>> *5) Respect privacy and confidentiality*
>>> 
>>>   - I will honor the contextual agreement regarding the use and sharing
>>>   of information and data that I have access to. This means that I will use
>>>   and discuss information only within a given institution (confidential) or
>>>   between certain individuals (private). In order to do so I shall always
>>>   strive to understand the contextual agreement and make it explicit when in
>>>   doubt.
>>>   - Given the strong socio-political and economic benefits of
>>>   information and data that is in the commons (or public domain), I will
>>>   strive to make transparent and public as many of the endeavors and
>>>   practices I am involved in as possible.
>>> 
>>> **
>>> *Acknowledegements*
>>> I had been inspired to work on such a code of conduct some years back
>>> when I read the excellent article ?A Humanistic Technology? (1965) Hyman
>>> Rickover <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyman_G._Rickover>. (The Preamble
>>> is a mashup from his text.) In the article he proposes that given the power
>>> technocrats and engineers have over mankind they should swear an
>>> hippocratic oath which binds them to an ethical code which is placed above
>>> the interests of their employer or their self-interest.
>>> 
>>> Back then I chaired the Internet Rights and Principles (IRP) coalition
>>> and the discussions about how to transpose human rights to the net and what
>>> technical principles should be upheld was also aimed at the goal to find an
>>> agreement on which to root internet governance (policies) and hence
>>> practices. The group has since produced an excellent document ?10
>>> Internet Rights and Principles <http://irpcharter.org/campaign/>? which
>>> I naturally use as fundament of this code of conduct.
>>> 
>>> During the development of these guiding principles I also consulted
>>> several related texts such as ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct<http://www.acm.org/about/code-of-ethics>andThe Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics<http://cpsr.org/issues/ethics/cei/>from the Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) website.
>>> 
>>> And of course I also happily followed Jeff Jarvis? proposal to President
>>> Sarkozy (and all policy makers) to swear an hippocratic oath for the
>>> internet back at the eG8 Summit in 2011. In fact it was when I listened to
>>> his pretty good audio book ?Public Parts<http://buzzmachine.com/publicparts/>?
>>> that I decided to take a shot at a prototype for such an oath as feels
>>> right to me as professional policy entrepreneur.
>>> 
>>> --
>>> Rebecca MacKinnon
>>> Author, Consent of the Networked <http://consentofthenetworked.com/>
>>> Schwartz Senior Fellow, New America Foundation<http://newamerica.net/user/303>
>>> Co-founder, Global Voices <http://globalvoicesonline.org/>
>>> Twitter: @rmack <http://twitter.com/rmack>
>>> Office: +1-202-596-3343
>>> 
>>> 
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> liberationtech mailing list
>>> liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
>>> 
>>> Should you need to change your subscription options, please go to:
>>> 
>>> https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech
>>> 
>>> If you would like to receive a daily digest, click "yes" (once you click
>>> above) next to "would you like to receive list mail batched in a daily
>>> digest?"
>>> 
>>> You will need the user name and password you receive from the list
>>> moderator in monthly reminders. You may ask for a reminder here:
>>> https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech
>>> 
>>> Should you need immediate assistance, please contact the list moderator.
>>> 
>>> Please don't forget to follow us on http://twitter.com/#!/Liberationtech
>>> 
>> 
>> 
>> _______________________________________________
>> liberationtech mailing list
>> liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
>> 
>> Should you need to change your subscription options, please go to:
>> 
>> https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech
>> 
>> If you would like to receive a daily digest, click "yes" (once you click
>> above) next to "would you like to receive list mail batched in a daily
>> digest?"
>> 
>> You will need the user name and password you receive from the list
>> moderator in monthly reminders. You may ask for a reminder here:
>> https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech
>> 
>> Should you need immediate assistance, please contact the list moderator.
>> 
>> Please don't forget to follow us on http://twitter.com/#!/Liberationtech
>> 
>> 
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> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 14
> Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 21:27:05 -0400
> From: Katy P <katycarvt at gmail.com>
> To: liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Subject: [liberationtech] Blogs and Bullets report out today
> Message-ID:
> 	<CADBMUMELKS7SY6X-SmOoLiFeJVus-wnb3qz_Ef2fhbVYR1nCNQ at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> 
> The USIP Arab Spring report just came out... upon initial skim, looks good.
> 
> http://www.usip.org/files/resources/PW80.pdf
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> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 15
> Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 19:44:29 -0700 (PDT)
> From: Larry Diamond <ldiamond at stanford.edu>
> To: Max Senges <maxsenges at gmail.com>
> Cc: Howard Rheingold <howard at rheingold.com>,	irp
> 	<Irp at lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org>,	liberationtech
> 	<liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Subject: Re: [liberationtech] A Hippocratic Oath for Techies &
> 	Policymakers
> Message-ID:
> 	<1698084261.15281117.1341974669785.JavaMail.root at zm03.stanford.edu>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
> 
> I would rephrase that line something like this (I am italicizing my proposed changes): 
> 
> Should I witness any error or misdeed (i.e. human rights violation) I shall first attempt to address and remedy it with the responsible individual or within the responsible organisation. However should it prove impossible to resolve a serious matter directly, I shall bring the case to relevant authorities, or to public exposure. 
> 
> [There may be instances where the response to wrongdoing is not criminal prosecution, which the word prosecution implies, but rather other sanctions or at least public exposure through the mass media] 
> 
> best, 
> Larry 
> ----- Original Message -----
> 
> From: "Max Senges" <maxsenges at gmail.com> 
> To: "Larry Diamond" <ldiamond at stanford.edu>, "Howard Rheingold" <howard at rheingold.com>, "irp" <Irp at lists.internetrightsandprinciples.org> 
> Cc: "Terry Winograd" <winograd at cs.stanford.edu>, "liberationtech" <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>, "Rebecca MacKinnon" <rebecca.mackinnon at gmail.com> 
> Sent: Tuesday, July 10, 2012 2:14:05 PM 
> Subject: Re: [liberationtech] A Hippocratic Oath for Techies & Policymakers 
> 
> 
> + Howard Rheingold (who actually had the very same comment on the preamble) 
> + Internet Rights and Principles list - where the discussion, peer-review & collabowriting of the oath lives 
> 
> Thanks Terry & Larry, 
> 
> 
> the gendered problematic slipped my attention as non-native-speaker. I have uploaded a new version, which has an updated Preamble , which takes some wording from Terry and some from Marianne Franklin, who also commented on the gender bias. 
> 
> The gDoc can be commented publicly, which should allow for more detailed refinement. The IRP coalition has offered to publish it on their website after collaborative editing, so people can actually take the oath. 
> 
> 
> @Terry: Regarding your second point: " The other concern is the line " I shall refrain from disagreeing publicly". I agree with the sense that direct conversation with the relevant party should be tried first, but there are cases (e.g., whistleblowing) where public disagreement is the only route to change." 
> 
> 
> I am not sure this line needs editing. My thinking was that your point of whistleblowing (in sever cases) is addressed in the next line : Should I witness any error or misdeed (i.e. human rights violation) I shall first address and remedy it with the responsible individual or within the responsible organisation. However should it prove impossible to resolve a serious matter directly, I shall bring the case to prosecution. 
> 
> 
> What do you think? 
> 
> 
> Kind regards, 
> Max 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> 
> " Chaos reigns " 
> the fox, Lars von Trier's Antichrist 
> 
> 
> ........................................................................... 
> 
> Max Senges 
> Berlin 
> 
> www.maxsenges.com 
> 
> Mobile: +491622122755 
> 
> 
> 
> On Sat, Jul 7, 2012 at 9:05 PM, Larry Diamond < ldiamond at stanford.edu > wrote: 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> I agree with both of Terry's comments. Otherwise, well done. 
> best, 
> Larry 
> 
> 
> 
> From: "Terry Winograd" < winograd at cs.stanford.edu > 
> To: "Rebecca MacKinnon" < rebecca.mackinnon at gmail.com > 
> Cc: "liberationtech" < liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu >, maxsenges at gmail.com 
> Sent: Saturday, July 7, 2012 12:00:59 PM 
> Subject: Re: [liberationtech] A Hippocratic Oath for Techies & Policymakers 
> 
> 
> 
> Max, thank you for doing this, and I'm pleased to see that material from CPSR is still relevant and valuable to your thinking. 
> 
> 
> I like the basic thrust and had a couple of comments. The first is that although the preamble may have gone without objection for Rickover in 1965, you will avoid a lot of distraction if you reword it in accord with the emerging sensibilities of the last half-century. We could have a scholarly debate about the history of gendered language, but I don't think that's what you are trying to provoke. How about: 
> 
> 
> --- 
> I recognize technology as a product of human effort, a product serving no other purpose than to benefit people in general, not merely some people; humans in the totality of their humanity, encompassing all their manifold interests and needs, not merely some one particular concern. Humanistically viewed, technology is not an end in itself but a means to an end, the end being determined by people. I hence promote a humanistic conception of technology in which the desire to obtain maximum benefits for those creating it is subordinated to the obligation not to injure human beings or society at large. 
> --- 
> 
> 
> The other concern is the line " I shall refrain from disagreeing publicly". I agree with the sense that direct conversation with the relevant party should be tried first, but there are cases (e.g., whistleblowing) where public disagreement is the only route to change. 
> 
> 
> Thanks again for doing this and best wishes. 
> --t 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> On Fri, Jul 6, 2012 at 10:19 AM, Rebecca MacKinnon < rebecca.mackinnon at gmail.com > wrote: 
> 
> <blockquote>
> 
> By Max Senges who works for Google in Berlin, with a background in academia and civil society. 
> Cheers, 
> Rebecca 
> 
> http://maxsenges.com/?p=402 
> A hippocratic Oath for Techies & Policymakers 
> 
> Posted on 2012/07/03 by maxsenges 
> Acknowledegements & Context 
> 
> When Rick Whitt and I were working on a paper on a framework for internet policy that brings together complexity theory, endogenous economics and common pool resource governance, I pondered once again about a proposal to write and promote a hippocratic oath for internet techies and policy makers in order to have them (including me) pledge to ?do no harm? to the potent but also fragile internet ecosystem. 
> Below you find a code of conduct to which I feel I can subscribe. However it is not and will never be final. Rather I plan to develop, add and sharpen the code further. Please send comments and suggestions as to what should be included and/or where it should be more precise. 
> Preamble 
> 
> I recognize technology as a product of human effort, a product serving no other purpose than to benefit man in general, not merely some men; man in the totality of his humanity, encompassing all his manifold interests and needs, not merely some one particular concem of his. Humanistically viewed, technology is not an end in itself but a means to an end, the end being determined by man. I hence promote a humanistic conception of technology in which the desire to obtain maximum benefits is subordinated to the obligation not to injure human beings or society at large. 
> Therefore the following principles shall marshal my mindset, decision making and practices: 
> Code of Conduct 
> 
> 
> 1) Do no harm: 
> 
>    * I hold a humanistic conception of the internet and therefore will not simply compare costs and benefits of any particular code or practice, but follow a rights based approach as formulated in the 10 Internet Rights & Principles . 
>    * When assessing code, practices and policy proposals I will seek to understand the technological, economic, socio-cultural and ethical dimensions and interdependencies of the online ecosystem, always aiming not to hamper user-centered development and innovation but to further creative destruction and open competition. 
> 
> 2) Participate in deliberation: 
> 
>    * Acknowledging that internet governance must be an open multi-stakeholder process, I will participate in both internal organisational discourse as well as in public deliberation with the aim to collaboratively generate knowledge and to contribute to sound decision making. 
>    * I will take critics seriously. Governance is about constructive dialogue rather than representation. 
> 
> 3) Act responsibly 
> 
>    * I will contribute to the internet governance discourse to the best of my knowledge. Should an obligation to an institution contradict my perspective I shall refrain from disagreeing publicly but will take the responsibility to argue my case internally. 
>    * Should I witness any error or misdeed (i.e. human rights violation) I shall first address and remedy it with the responsible individual or within the responsible organisation. However should it prove impossible to resolve a serious matter directly, I shall bring the case to prosecution. 
> 
> 4) Promote openness & contribute to the commons 
> 
>    * Whenever possible I will contribute to the commons and the public domain. Subsequently I will always practice a strong bias towards open innovation and open standards. 
>    * I will always acknowledge from whom or from what text I have learned about a certain idea or concept and if appropriate include direct links (or other relevant bibliographic references) 
>    * I will be transparent about my social networks and motivation to choose collaboration partners. 
> 
> 5) Respect privacy and confidentiality 
> 
>    * I will honor the contextual agreement regarding the use and sharing of information and data that I have access to. This means that I will use and discuss information only within a given institution (confidential) or between certain individuals (private). In order to do so I shall always strive to understand the contextual agreement and make it explicit when in doubt. 
>    * Given the strong socio-political and economic benefits of information and data that is in the commons (or public domain), I will strive to make transparent and public as many of the endeavors and practices I am involved in as possible. 
> 
> 
> Acknowledegements 
> I had been inspired to work on such a code of conduct some years back when I read the excellent article ?A Humanistic Technology? (1965) Hyman Rickover . (The Preamble is a mashup from his text.) In the article he proposes that given the power technocrats and engineers have over mankind they should swear an hippocratic oath which binds them to an ethical code which is placed above the interests of their employer or their self-interest. 
> Back then I chaired the Internet Rights and Principles (IRP) coalition and the discussions about how to transpose human rights to the net and what technical principles should be upheld was also aimed at the goal to find an agreement on which to root internet governance (policies) and hence practices. The group has since produced an excellent document ? 10 Internet Rights and Principles ? which I naturally use as fundament of this code of conduct. 
> During the development of these guiding principles I also consulted several related texts such as ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct and The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics from the Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) website. 
> And of course I also happily followed Jeff Jarvis? proposal to President Sarkozy (and all policy makers) to swear an hippocratic oath for the internet back at the eG8 Summit in 2011. In fact it was when I listened to his pretty good audio book ? Public Parts ? that I decided to take a shot at a prototype for such an oath as feels right to me as professional policy entrepreneur. 
> -- 
> Rebecca MacKinnon 
> Author, Consent of the Networked 
> Schwartz Senior Fellow, New America Foundation 
> 
> Co-founder, Global Voices 
> 
> Twitter: @rmack 
> 
> Office: +1-202-596-3343 
> 
> _______________________________________________ 
> liberationtech mailing list 
> liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu 
> 
> Should you need to change your subscription options, please go to: 
> 
> https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech 
> 
> If you would like to receive a daily digest, click "yes" (once you click above) next to "would you like to receive list mail batched in a daily digest?" 
> 
> You will need the user name and password you receive from the list moderator in monthly reminders. You may ask for a reminder here: https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech 
> 
> Should you need immediate assistance, please contact the list moderator. 
> 
> Please don't forget to follow us on http://twitter.com/#!/Liberationtech 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________ 
> liberationtech mailing list 
> liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu 
> 
> Should you need to change your subscription options, please go to: 
> 
> https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech 
> 
> If you would like to receive a daily digest, click "yes" (once you click above) next to "would you like to receive list mail batched in a daily digest?" 
> 
> You will need the user name and password you receive from the list moderator in monthly reminders. You may ask for a reminder here: https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/liberationtech 
> 
> Should you need immediate assistance, please contact the list moderator. 
> 
> Please don't forget to follow us on http://twitter.com/#!/Liberationtech 
> 
> </blockquote>
> 
> 
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> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 16
> Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 20:06:29 -0700
> From: Yosem Companys <companys at stanford.edu>
> To: Liberation Technologies <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Subject: [liberationtech] Access Innovation Prize 2012
> Message-ID:
> 	<CANhci9EZxg+H08HdgOhAk1erDhL4UFqT8e0iZ86=8GHkVG09OA at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> 
> We want to make you aware of the Access Tech Innovation
> Awards<https://www.accessnow.org/prize>,
> which will provide $100,000 in prizes to individuals, organizations or
> networks that have the best actionable ideas of how to use information
> technology to promote and enable human rights or deliver a social good
> outcome. Prizes are divided into five categories:
> 
> *Blackout Resilience:*****
> 
> $20,000 will go to the best actionable idea to help build an open-sourced,
> blackout resilient technology for use by activists and human rights workers
> in conditions where there is a need for alternate communications
> infrastructure to the one put in place and/or controlled by the
> authorities. For example, where there has been a communication network
> shutdown.****
> 
> *Making Crypto Easy:* $20,000 will go to the best actionable idea to
> properly integrate encryption into an existing product/system, educate
> users as to how to use encryption and/or build a community who use
> encryption by default.  ****
> 
> *The Bounty: *A $20,000 bounty will be granted for the best patch for a
> disclosed or as yet undisclosed vulnerability in a program/platform or
> software used by human rights defenders and activists.****
> 
> ** **
> 
> *Golden Jellybean*: This is an unthemed category. $20,000 will go to the
> best actionable idea of how communication technologies can be used to
> promote and enable human rights. This could include funding a researcher
> for $20,000; the development of a training guide for activists; a new
> censorship circumvention program; or an initiative to detect surveillance
> equipment on the network.****
> 
> ** **
> 
> *Access Facebook Award:* $20,000 will go to the best actionable idea of how
> to use the Facebook platform to deliver a human rights, human development
> or social good outcome. We're looking for initiatives across the spectrum -
> from enhancing freedom of speech and expression to improving the economic
> well-being of a disadvantaged group. If you are applying for the Access
> Facebook Award - please read
> this<https://www.accessnow.org/page/-/docs/Access%20Facebook%20Award.pdf>.
> ****
> 
> 
> Applications will be evaluated based on the impact, likelihood, innovation,
> and sustainability of the project or idea. For more information about the
> awards or to apply, please visit the prize website:
> https://www.accessnow.org/prize. Applications are due *August 15th*.
> 
> Feel free to share with anyone you think may be interested:****
> 
> . at Accessnow Tech Prize: $100K to give away across 5 groups for ICT ideas 2
> promote human rights. http://bit.ly/N1BMjP #netfreedom****
> 
> 
> To read our press release regarding the prize, please visit:
> https://www.accessnow.org/policy-activism/press-blog/access-and-facebook-launch-tech-innovation-prize-to-promote-human-developme
> 
> *Access is a global movement premised on the belief that political
> participation and the realization of human rights in the 21st century is
> increasingly dependent on access to the internet and other forms of
> technology. Visit us at **accessnow.org* <https://www.accessnow.org/>.
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> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 17
> Date: Wed, 11 Jul 2012 07:26:27 -0700
> From: Yosem Companys <companys at stanford.edu>
> To: Liberation Technologies <liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu>
> Subject: [liberationtech] Innovation Prize for Africa 2013
> Message-ID:
> 	<CANhci9HJvt0i7tvZF5XKxv8kthDEXPCTKzBwDcYYT8ybzSXLkQ at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> 
> Call for application for Innovation Prize for Africa 2013. Please notice
> that Africans in diaspora are also eligible:
> http://innovationprizeforafrica.org/documents/2013_Call_for_Applications.pdf
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> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 18
> Date: Wed, 11 Jul 2012 10:15:04 -0700
> From: George Chamales <george at roguegenius.com>
> To: liberationtech at lists.stanford.edu
> Subject: [liberationtech] Invitation - Hacking Humanitarian Technology
> 	Before the Bad Guys Do
> Message-ID:
> 	<CAEjw8tgAJj9UY27-Yj=7qAE_DcyCCmt_t1Rga98mPR=_kH94rQ at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> 
> Thought this might be of interested to some of the folks on the list.
> 
> ----
> 
> *Hacking Humanitarian Technology Before the Bad Guys Do*
> 
> Event:  JIFX-RELIEF Field Exploration
> Location:  Camp Roberts, CA
> Dates:  August 15-16, 2012
> 
> In the last 18 months there have been a steady increase in attacks by
> hostile groups against citizens and response organizations utilizing
> communications and Internet technologies.  Those attacks include
> custom malware targeting activists in Syria, harassment and
> infiltration of civil rights monitoring groups in Egypt, and the
> murder of citizen reporters in Mexico.
> 
> The JIFX-RELIEF Field Explorations are acknowledged to be the premier
> venue for creating interoperable civil-military systems for
> Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response (HA/DR) operations.  This
> year's RELIEF experiments will bring together members of the security
> community to evaluate the security strengths and weaknesses of several
> technologies that are being deployed in hostile environments.
> 
> Participants from the security community will have the opportunity to:
> * Support the development of emergency and humanitarian technologies
> * Meet a variety of groups working in the humanitarian technology space
> * Interact with other members of the public and private security community
> 
> The security evaluations will take part over two separate days and
> security experts are invited to take part in one or both:
> 
> *August 15th*:  Tour of the different experiments taking place and
> discussions with the owners and operators of those technologies to
> provide the security expert's view of the strengths and weaknesses of
> the technology.
> 
> *August 16th*:  Penetration testing of a set of those technologies as
> they to identify and fix vulnerabilities before they are attacked in
> fielded in hostile environments.
> 
> The attached document contains more information on the experiments
> that will be taking place and the organizations involved.  If you are
> interested in taking part in the security assessment on one or both
> days please RSVP to george at roguegenius.com by August 1st.
> 
> Thank you for your time and interest in supporting the development of
> secure technologies for use in crisis and disaster response
> operations.
> 
> george
> 
> George Chamales
> Rogue Genius LLC
> http://roguegenius.com
> Phone:  718.288.7718
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> End of liberationtech Digest, Vol 112, Issue 1
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