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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I find it useful to think of knowledge (or information) as a 2-tier system.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Tier 1 is the actual information. Tier 2 is the dissemination of that information.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">The video-enabled smart phone greatly increased Tier 1. Anyone can know record an event that they witness.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Tier 2 refers to whether a recording gets shared (and how it gets interpreted or “spun’.) Obviously social media has greatly increased the power of sharing,
but the legacy media still significantly control dissemination.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">What may be most striking about the George Floyd video is not that it was recorded, but that it was so very widely (and intensively) disseminated by those legacy
media. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Now consider the inverse: are there similar videos out there that remained unknown? Are there other videos of a similar nature (police violence against African
Americans) that received less attention, i.e. less dissemination? Perhaps the problem is actually bigger than we know.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">For activists who want to raise public awareness, the possibility that the dissemination of their information lies outside their control is worrisome. Content
moderation on social media and editorial control in legacy media shape what the public comes to know. Raising public awareness requires more than Tier 1 information production, it also requires Tier 2 dissemination.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">The control of dissemination is probably the biggest issue we face today in liberation technology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> LT [mailto:lt-bounces@lists.liberationtech.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>fuzzyTew<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, June 14, 2020 5:02 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Yosem Companys <yosem@techlantis.com><br>
<b>Cc:</b> LT <lt@lists.liberationtech.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [liberationtech] They Used Smartphone Cameras to Record Police Brutality—and Change History<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Not in the past for sure. Looks like that might change if we keep taking action.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Jun 14, 2020, 4:45 PM Yosem Companys <<a href="mailto:yosem@techlantis.com">yosem@techlantis.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">I also wonder what happens should Nest or some other security system capture a video of police brutality. Would Alphabet release that video to the world?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A106FC">Yosem</span> </b><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A106FC">Companys</span><o:p></o:p></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A106FC">President and CEO<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A106FC">Techlantis</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A106FC">M: (650) 796-1205</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A106FC">A: 2225 East Bayshore Road, Suite 200</span>, <span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A106FC">Palo Alto, CA 94303</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://links96.mixmaxusercontent.com/5e196044087550002eab97f3/l/8dbw6i3dOceX4yU7V?messageId=mI8oiPno79Jd5426i&rn=gI3VGV5pne1ZmI&re=ISbvNmLslWYtdGQ3VGd5pne1ZmI&sc=false" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A106FC">W: www.techlantis.com</span></a><a href="https://links92.mixmaxusercontent.com/5e196044087550002eab97f3/l/9KDhm7ZW93Kq8O2Cc?messageId=mI8oiPno79Jd5426i&rn=gI3VGV5pne1ZmI&re=ISbvNmLslWYtdGQ3VGd5pne1ZmI&sc=false" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A106FC">E: yosem@techlantis.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://links99.mixmaxusercontent.com/5e196044087550002eab97f3/l/3Yh2PgOVKBgLeiqo0?messageId=mI8oiPno79Jd5426i&rn=gI3VGV5pne1ZmI&re=ISbvNmLslWYtdGQ3VGd5pne1ZmI&sc=false" target="_blank"><span style="color:#DD2022;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" id="_x0000_i1026" src="https://cdn1.designhill.com/assets/dh/images/email-signature/social_media/facebook.png" alt="facebook"></span></a><a href="https://links94.mixmaxusercontent.com/5e196044087550002eab97f3/l/1BjjLRN1KTZbR16Lk?messageId=mI8oiPno79Jd5426i&rn=gI3VGV5pne1ZmI&re=ISbvNmLslWYtdGQ3VGd5pne1ZmI&sc=false" target="_blank"><span style="color:#DD2022;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" id="_x0000_i1027" src="https://cdn1.designhill.com/assets/dh/images/email-signature/social_media/twitter.png" alt="twitter"></span></a><a href="https://links93.mixmaxusercontent.com/5e196044087550002eab97f3/l/l4kV1FUy6PHV6vkXg?messageId=mI8oiPno79Jd5426i&rn=gI3VGV5pne1ZmI&re=ISbvNmLslWYtdGQ3VGd5pne1ZmI&sc=false" target="_blank"><span style="color:#DD2022;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" id="_x0000_i1028" src="https://cdn1.designhill.com/assets/dh/images/email-signature/social_media/linkedin.png" alt="linkedin"></span></a><a href="https://links99.mixmaxusercontent.com/5e196044087550002eab97f3/l/9CYwHAafxwwR44yXy?messageId=mI8oiPno79Jd5426i&rn=gI3VGV5pne1ZmI&re=ISbvNmLslWYtdGQ3VGd5pne1ZmI&sc=false" target="_blank"><span style="color:#DD2022;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" id="_x0000_i1029" src="https://cdn1.designhill.com/assets/dh/images/email-signature/social_media/instagram.png" alt="instagram"></span></a><br>
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<span style="color:#9900FF">To schedule an appointment with me, please visit <a href="https://links910.mixmaxusercontent.com/5e196044087550002eab97f3/l/e4pcztHwiNxKcFrcV?messageId=mI8oiPno79Jd5426i&rn=gI3VGV5pne1ZmI&re=ISbvNmLslWYtdGQ3VGd5pne1ZmI&sc=false" target="_blank">
https://calendly.com/yosem</a>.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Jun 14, 2020 7:46 PM, fuzzyTew <a href="mailto:fuzzytew@gmail.com" target="_blank">
fuzzytew@gmail.com</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Something that seems poorly discussed is how lucky you have to be to get a recording of authority misconduct to be seen and acted on by others, before they order you to delete it or it is otherwise lost.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I think a lot of people have exposure to that problem, now. I wonder what apps are being used or developed to work around it.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Jun 14, 2020, 11:38 AM Yosem Companys <<a href="mailto:ycompanys@gmail.com" target="_blank">ycompanys@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">In 2008, Steve Jobs had an assignment for a small team of engineers in Cupertino: Make the iPhone record video. After seeing that people liked taking photos with the first iPhones,
he wanted to add moving pictures. A year later, Apple released the iPhone 3GS, the first iPhone to record video.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">About 10 years and 10 iPhone models later, 17-year-old Darnella Frazier found herself standing on a sidewalk in Minneapolis, swiping on her purple iPhone 11 lock screen to launch
the video camera as fast as possible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">She hit the red circle and for the next 10 minutes and 9 seconds she held her phone as steady as she could, capturing George Floyd, a black man crying for his mother as his face
was smashed into the pavement by white police officer Derek Chauvin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">“I opened my phone and I started recording because I knew if I didn’t, no one would believe me,” Ms. Frazier said in a statement provided by her lawyer, Seth Cobin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">A day later, May 26, she opened up the Facebook app, and tapped the video of Mr. Floyd to upload it. The world now knows his name.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Over the last decade, while tech companies were focused on marketing megapixels and multiple lenses to better record pastries and puppies, smartphone cameras found a greater purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">“This is our only tool we have right now. It is the most effective way to get us justice,” Feidin Santana told me. Mr. Santana used his smartphone in 2015 to film a police officer
killing Walter Scott in South Carolina.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">“The smartphone is a weapon that tells the story. This is going to tell what happened to me, this is what will tell what took place,” said Arthur Reed, whose organization Stop the
Killing surfaced an anonymously filmed video of the 2016 killing of Alton Sterling by a police officer in Baton Rouge, La.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Many white Americans, myself included, failed until recently to grasp one of the biggest impacts of the smartphone: its ability to make the world witness police brutality toward
African-Americans that was all too easy to ignore in the past. We could now see, with our own eyes, the black sides of stories that were otherwise lost when white officers filed their police reports.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">For this column, I looked back at a decade of incriminating cellphone video, and tracked down many people who bravely used their phones to capture brutality and tragedy on American
streets.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">2009 - Oscar Grant<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">A sequence of full-frame screengrabs from a video of the killing of Oscar Grant on January 1, 2009. Jamil Dewar recorded it on a flip phone.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">2015 - Walter Scott<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">A sequence of full-frame screengrabs from a video of the killing of Walter Scott on April 4, 2015. Feidin Santana recorded it on a Samsung Galaxy S5.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">2020 - George Floyd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">A sequence of full-frame screengrabs from a video of the killing of George Floyd on May 25, 2020. Darnella Frazier recorded it on an iPhone 11.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">All said some variation of the same thing: It’s not that these incidents never happened before, it’s that we have the ability to capture proof and expose it widely—now, more clearly
and indisputably than ever. The smartphone’s proliferation and evolving user experience is partly to thank, though through this we’re also discovering its limitations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Once upon a time, capturing bystander video was about being in the right place, at the right time, with the right equipment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">That is the story of George Holliday on March 3, 1991, brand-new Sony Handycam in hand as he stood on his balcony with a view of Los Angeles police officers beating Rodney King.
The footage is shaky, the bodies are hard to make out, the helicopters drown out the screams yet it was enough to set off what Mr. Holliday calls “the first viral video.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">It’s also the story of Karina Vargas, who had her Fujifilm Finepix digital camera the night of Jan. 1, 2009, when she witnessed officer Johannes Mehserle shooting 22-year-old Oscar
Grant III at the Fruitvale BART transit station in Oakland, Calif.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Ms. Vargas also had a Motorola Razr cellphone, but she turned on her 10-megapixel Fujifilm because it could record better quality video. (At the time, that meant 480p.) In a series
of clips, many of them pixelated and shaky, she captured the officers surrounding Mr. Grant and eventually the sounds of the gunshots.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">A day later a local television producer came out to watch what she had recorded; he transferred the footage from her memory card to his laptop and aired it that day.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">“If I had this iPhone back then I would have taken much better video,” Ms. Vargas told me. “I would have been able to get closer and I probably would have shared it to Instagram
or another place so everyone could see it.” She added, “Right now, there is this culture of ‘Let’s f—ing record these cops.’ It wasn’t that way then.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Other bystanders recorded from different angles with cellphones, though their details were quite blurry. All were submitted as evidence. In 2010, Mehserle was convicted of second-degree
murder.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Jump ahead to 2014. Ramsey Orta and his 2011 Samsung Galaxy phone captured 720p high-definition video of Eric Garner, surrounded by New York City police officers. Mr. Orta filmed
police wrestling Mr. Garner to the pavement and putting him in a chokehold. On the video, he said he couldn’t breathe 11 times before he died.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Mr. Orta originally shared the video with the New York Daily News, and it quickly spread across Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. The phrase “I can’t breathe” became a slogan of the
Black Lives Matter movement. Though Mr. Garner’s death was ruled a homicide, the officer involved was not indicted.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Feidin Santana in North Charleston, S.C., had just gotten a new one from a friend, a Samsung Galaxy S5 with a 16-megapixel camera. He happened to be walking to his job when he saw
Mr. Scott being chased by officer Michael Slager. Mr. Santana tapped the camera app and began recording for three minutes, capturing Slager shooting Mr. Scott five times as he tried to run. It was the first thing he filmed with the new phone.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">“I was getting used to the phone but in less than a few seconds I was able to get to the video option,” recalls Mr. Santana, who doesn’t consider himself tech savvy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">The video, which was used as evidence in the trial, is shaky and at times blurry, but readable enough to see key parts of the incident play out. A jury convicted Slager of second-degree
murder. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Over the next few years, as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube made uploading, sharing and viewing mobile video easier, buckets of cellular data dropped in price, and smartphone ownership
among Americans ages 18 to 49 passed 90%, recordings of police interaction mushroomed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">On July 5, 2016, one of two videos of police officers killing Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge, La., was uploaded to Twitter. One officer was later fired but not charged. The next
day, Diamond Reynolds went live on Facebook as she sat next to her dying boyfriend, Philando Castile, who had just been shot by an officer in St. Anthony, Minn. The officer was later found not guilty of second-degree manslaughter.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">That brings us to two weeks ago, when Ms. Frazier, only feet away from George Floyd and the police officer bearing down on him, captured it all in 1080p resolution video with the
latest iPhone. It’s one of the clearest, highest-resolution videos of such a situation ever captured.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">“I will post the video in the morning as soon as I wake up. I don’t give a f—. If it gets taken down I don’t care,” Ms. Frazier said in a live-stream on Facebook a few hours after
recording Mr. Floyd’s killing. “At least you all will see for yourselves. I’m pretty sure it’s a murder we’ll be seeing on the news.” Officer Chauvin has since been charged with second-degree murder, the other officers at the scene have also been charged and
the city of Minneapolis has moved to restructure its police forces.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Over the past decade, the smartphone changed our behavior. We went from photographing momentous occasions with specialized equipment—remember buying cameras?—to constantly, instantaneously
capturing and sharing any moment we choose. Everyone I spoke to who had recorded these scenes of violence used the same word to describe why they did it: instinct.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">“I knew what was going on wasn’t right. I felt something was about to happen so I just took out my phone and started recording,” said Brandon Brooks, who filmed Dajerria Becton,
a black teenager, being violently wrestled to the ground by a white officer in McKinney, Texas, in 2015. A few days later, the officer resigned.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">But capturing video of apparent brutality by those in power comes with a dark consequence: fear of retaliation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">“I didn’t share it right away,” Mr. Santana, the man who filmed the killing of Walter Scott, told me. “I thought my life might be in danger. It’s a tough decision to come forward.”
He said he feared the police department would come after him; he also said he wanted to wait to hear the police department’s side of the story. Ms. Vargas said she still vividly remembers an officer trying to get a hold of her camera on the train after she
filmed the Oakland shooting of Oscar Grant.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Allissa Richardson, a journalism professor at University of Southern California and author of the book “Bearing Witness While Black,” said that the proliferation of such footage
can have an insidious side effect, the expectation of video where none is available. “We are almost asking black people to prove they didn’t deserve this [violence]. We don’t ask white people where the video is after mass shootings,” she said. Plus, the videos
can end up being excessively played in the media, she added.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">And filming police violence doesn’t lead to an open-and-shut case. John Burris, a civil-rights attorney who represented Mr. Grant’s family, said that “without the videos all I would
have had was the testimony of the African-American men against several cops. But ultimately the cops had their own stories about what happened which still made it extraordinarily difficult.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">Police officers are increasingly aware of the presence of smartphone cameras, and aren’t always deterred by them. Police departments have equipped officers with their own body cams
or car dashboard cameras—though smartphone footage often provides a different vantage point. Some experts say that qualified-immunity laws and the power of police unions offer bad actors unwarranted protection.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">“If someone were to do such a violent act knowing they are on camera, that’s some evil intent right there,” said Sheriff Christopher Swanson, from the Office of Genesee County Sheriff
in Flint, Mich. He believes the killing of Mr. Floyd will result in widespread police union reform.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">So smartphone videos have been far from a panacea for racial injustice. But at least now, more than ever, we all can see it, clearly and vividly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">The cameras will continue to improve. Like any technology story, what we do with them, and the world we want them to capture, is up to us.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222">—Jim Oberman contributed to this article.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/they-used-smartphone-cameras-to-record-police-brutalityand-change-history-11592020827?mod=djemTECH" target="_blank">https://www.wsj.com/articles/they-used-smartphone-cameras-to-record-police-brutalityand-change-history-11592020827?mod=djemTECH</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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